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Arch. argent. pediatr ; 113(1): 12-20, ene. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: lil-734287

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En Argentina, el trauma es la causa más frecuente de muerte en niños mayores de 1 año, con una elevada morbilidad y un alto costo para el sistema de salud. Objetivo. Identificar las causas de las lesiones en los pacientes internados por trauma y analizar la asociación entre los factores epidemiológicos y el trauma grave. Población y métodos. Estudio prospectivo. Se incluyeron los niños de 0-18 años internados por trauma no intencional entre abril de 2012 y marzo de 2013. Se dividieron en dos grupos según el índice de trauma pediátrico grave (8 o menor) para identificar factores de riesgo mediante un modelo de regresión logística. Variables predictivas: características demográficas del paciente y sus padres, factores socioeconómicos, datos del incidente, asistencia inicial, evolución y factores de riesgo. Se estratificaron en tres grupos etarios para el análisis de la topografía de la lesión. Resultados. Se incluyeron 237 pacientes. En menores de 3 años, predominó el traumatismo craneoencefálico y, en mayores de 3 años, las fracturas de miembros. En el análisis bivariado, padres extranjeros, indigencia o pobreza, causa inmediata prevenible, altura peligrosa y calefacción insegura resultaron estadísticamente significativos. Por regresión múltiple, quedaron incluidas las variables padres extranjeros, residencia en asentamiento, causa inmediata prevenible y calefacción insegura. Conclusiones. La principal causa de trauma fue la caída de altura y algunos de los factores socioeconómicos explorados se asociaron a mayor riesgo de trauma. Esto podría ser utilizado para elaborar medidas de prevención.


Introduction.In Argentina, trauma is the most common cause of death among children older than 1 year old, has a high morbidity rate, and results in large costs for the health system. Objective.To identify causes of injuries in patients admitted to the hospital due to a trauma, and to analyze the relationship between epidemiological factors and severe trauma. Population and Methods.Prospective study. Children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years old admitted to the hospital due to unintentional trauma between April 2012 and March 2013 were included. They were divided into two groups based on severity according to the pediatric trauma score (8 or lower) to identify risk factors by means of a logistic regression model. Predictive outcome measures: patients' and parents' demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, event data, initial care, course, and risk factors. Patients were stratified into three age groups for the analysis of the type of injury and the anatomic location. Results.Two hundred and thirty-seven patients were included. Traumatic brain injuries were predominant among children younger than 3 years old, while limb fractures were most common among children older than 3 years old. In the bivariate analysis, foreign parents, a state of poverty or destitution, an immediate preventable cause, dangerous heights, and an unsafe heating system were statistically significant outcome measures. Based on multiple regression, outcome measures included were foreign parents, living in a slum area, an immediate preventable cause, and an unsafe heating system. Conclusions.The main cause of trauma was related to falls from heights, and some of the studied socioeconomic factors were associated with a higher risk of trauma. This information may be useful to develop prevention measures.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Pediatrics , Wounds and Injuries , Risk Factors , Tertiary Prevention
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